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The courts of appeal in Sweden ((スウェーデン語:hovrätt)) are the second instance on issues relating to criminal cases, contentious cases and other judicial issues that have already been dealt with by a district court. The next and final instance is the Supreme Court ((スウェーデン語:Högsta domstolen)). The appellate court may in some circumstances require a leave to appeal, meaning they will only proceed with a case if there is reason to believe they would arrive at a conclusion different to that of the district court.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.domstol.se/Funktioner/English/The-Swedish-courts/Court-of-appeal/ )〕 ==Organization== The courts of appeal have jurisdiction in appeals from the district courts. The territorial jurisdiction ((スウェーデン語:domkrets)), dividing Sweden into nine court districts, is based on the geographic boundaries of several district courts, as prescribed by the government. The courts of appeal are:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.government.se/sb/d/3926/a/27778 )〕 The largest is Svea Court of Appeal, covering twenty judicial districts.〔 In the courts of appeal, a judge other than the president of a court or a division of a court is titled ''Judge of Appeal'' ((スウェーデン語:hovrättsråd)). A judge who presides over a division is titled ''Senior Judge of Appeal'' ((スウェーデン語:hovrättslagman)), and the head official of the appellate court is titled ''President, Court of Appeal'' ((スウェーデン語:hovrättspresident)).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/legal_prof/legal_prof_swe_en.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.domstol.se/Publikationer/Ordlista/svensk-engelsk_ordlista.pdf )〕 Approximately 650 people work for the courts of appeal in Sweden. Each court of appeal is divided into a number of departments, headed by a Senior Judge of Appeal or the President. There are also more than 600 lay judges ((スウェーデン語:nämndeman)) linked to the courts of appeal. Lay judges are laymen, not legally qualified representatives of the people, appointed by the county councils, serving four years at a time. The appellate court make use of lay judges in criminal cases only.〔 ==Quorum of the court== The main rule in civil cases is that the appellate court should consist of three legally qualified judges, but there are some exceptions to this rule. At least four legally qualified judges are required to sit for the adjudication of the case, if the district court consisted of three legally qualified judges. If one of the legally qualified judges is prevented from adjudicating after the commencement of the main hearing, the bench nevertheless constitutes a quorum.〔〔 In criminal cases, three legally qualified judges and two lay judges constitute a quorum. If there is no reason to impose a sanction more severe than fines in a criminal case, three legally qualified judges constitute a quorum. If one of the legally qualified judges or one of the lay judges are prevented from adjudicating after the commencement of the main hearing, the bench nevertheless constitutes a quorum.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Courts of appeal in Sweden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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